Hamcrest Matchers in JUnit tests

Normal assertions in JUnit would look like this: 

Assert.assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue); for example Assert.assertEquals(3, bean.getValue());

With hamcrest matchers, we can make the tests much more expressive and with recent versions of JUnit, core hamcrest matchers are bundled with JUnit and so there is no need to download and add hamcrest to our classpath explicitly.

JUnit has this new static method in org.junit.Assert called assertThat which has signature like this:

assertThat(actual, Matcher);

Using this, we can make the tests very expressive. First add some of the static imports:

import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNot.not;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNull.nullValue;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

Then, assertions can look like this:

      assertThat(bean.getValue(), is(equalTo(3)));
      assertThat(bean.toString(), is("XYZ"));
      assertThat(bean.getNewValue(), is(nullValue());
      assertThat(bean.getType(), is(not(nullValue()));

This shows how readable these tests are when compared to the regular assertions. Also, we can see that matchers can be nested. In the above block, is and not, is and equalTo, is and nullValue() are chained to make it more readable.

There are more matchers available in org.hamcrest.core package inside junit jar. In Eclipse, you can open up the junit jar under referenced libraries and navigate to this particular folder in package explorer to see other available matchers.